Unfolding the Atmospheric Muon Flux with IceCube: Investigating Stopping Muons and High-Energy Prompt Contributions
Atmospheric muons produced in cosmic-ray air showers are classified as conventional muons from pion and kaon decays and prompt muons from heavy hadron decays. Conventional muons dominate at lower energies, and the prompt component becomes dominant at PeV energies and above. Precisely measuring the atmospheric muon flux from a few GeV to several PeV is valuable for advancing our understanding of cosmic-ray interactions and testing hadronic interaction models. Low-energy muons that stop within the IceCube in-ice array provide valuable information about the energy spectrum of muons from a few hundred GeV up to 10 TeV. Machine learning techniques are employed to enhance event reconstruction and selection to provide insights into the conventional and prompt components. This contribution presents the unfolding of the energy spectrum of stopping muons in IceCube as well as the unfolding of high-energy muons to probe the prompt component.
- Published in:
Proceedings of 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference PoS (ICRC2025) - Type:
Inproceedings - Authors:
- Year:
2025 - Source:
https://pos.sissa.it/501/281/
Citation information
: Unfolding the Atmospheric Muon Flux with IceCube: Investigating Stopping Muons and High-Energy Prompt Contributions, Proceedings of 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference PoS (ICRC2025), 2025, 501, 281, September, https://pos.sissa.it/501/281/, IceCube Collaboration.etal.2025a,
@Inproceedings{IceCube Collaboration.etal.2025a,
author={IceCube Collaboration; Abbasi, Rasha; Ackermann, Markus; Adams, Jenni; Agarwalla, Sanjib Kumar; Aguilar, Juanan; Ahlers, Markus; Alameddine, Jean-Marco; Ali, Shoukat; Amin, Najia Moureen Binte; Andeen, Karen; Argüelles, Carlos; Ashida, Yosuke; Athanasiadou, Sofia; Axani, Spencer; Babu, Rishi; Bai, Xinhua; Baines-Holmes, Joe; Balagopal V, Aswathi; Barwick, Steven W.; Bash, Simeon; Basu, Vedant; Bay, Ryan; Beatty, James; Becker Tjus, Julia; Behrens, Philipp; Beise, Jakob; Bellenghi, Chiara; Benkel, Bruno; BenZvi, Segev; Berley, David; Bernardini, Elisa; Besson, Dave; Blaufuss, Erik; Bloom, Lucas; Blot, Summer; Bodo, Ilya; Bontempo, Federico; Book Motzkin, Julia; Boscolo Meneguolo, Caterina; Boser, Sebastian; Botner, Olga; Bottcher, Jakob; Braun, Jim; Brinson, Bennett; Brisson-Tsavoussis, Zoe; Burley, Ryan T.; Butterfield, Delaney; Campana, Michael; Carloni, Kiara; Carpio, Jose; Chattopadhyay, Sharmistha; Chau, Thien Nhan; Chen, Zheyang; Chirkin, Dmitry; Choi, Seowon; Clark, Brian; Coleman, Alan; Coleman, Peter John Cusack; Collin, Gabriel; Coloma Borja, Diego Alberto; Connolly, Amy; Conrad, Janet; Corley, Rebecca; Cowen, Doug; De Clercq, Catherine; DeLaunay, James; Delgado, Diyaselis; Delmeulle, Thomas; Deng, Shuyang; Desiati, Paolo; de Vries, Krijn; de Wasseige, Gwenhaël; DeYoung, Tyce; Diaz-Velez, Juan Carlos; DiKerby, Stephen; Dittmer, Markus; Domi, Alba; Draper, Lincoln; Dueser, Lasse; Durnford, Daniel; Dutta, Kaustav; DuVernois, Michael; Ehrhardt, Thomas; Eidenschink, Leonhard; Eimer, Anna; Eller, Philipp; Ellinger, Enrico; Elsässer, Dominik; Engel, Ralph; Erpenbeck, Hannah; Esmail, Waleed; Eulig, Steven; Evans, John; Evenson, Paul; Fan, Kwok Lung; Fang, Ke; Farrag, Kareem Ramadan; Fazely, Ali; Fedynitch, Anatoli; Feigl, Nora; Finley, Chad; Fischer, Leander; Fox, Derek B.; Franckowiak, Anna; Fukami, Satoshi; Furst, Philipp; Gallagher, John; Ganster, Erik; Garcia, Alfonso; Garcia, Miles; Garg, Gopal; Genton, Eliot; Gerhardt, Lisa; Ghadimi, Ava; Glaser, Christian; Glüsenkamp, Thorsten; Gonzalez, Javier; Goswami, Sreetama; Granados, Alejandra; Grant, Darren; Gray, Shannon; Griffin, Sean; Griswold, Spencer; Groth, Kathrine Morch; Guevel, David Joseph; Günther, Christoph; Gutjahr, Pascal; Ha, Chang Hyon; Haack, Christian; Hallgren, Allan; Halve, Lasse; Halzen, Francis; Hamacher, Leon; Ha Minh, Martin; Handt, Michael; Hanson, Kael; Hardin, John; Harnisch, Alexander; Hatch, Patrick; Haungs, Andreas; Haussler, Jonas; Helbing, Klaus; Hellrung, Jonas; Henke, Brandon; Hennig, Lukas; Henningsen, Felix; Heuermann, Lars Philipp; Hewett, Rhia; Heyer, Nils; Hickford, Stephanie; Hidvegi, Attila; Hill, Colton; Hill, Gary; Hmaid, Ramy; Hoffman, Kara; Hooper, Dan; Hori, Sam; Hoshina, Kotoyo; Hostert, Matheus; Hou, Wenjie; Huber, Thomas; Hultqvist, Klas; Hymon, Karolin; Ishihara, Aya; Iwakiri, Wataru; Jacquart, Marc; Jain, Samyak; Janik, Oliver; Jansson, Matti; Jeong, Minjin; Jin, Miaochen; Kamp, Nicholas; Kang, Donghwa; Kang, Woosik; Kang, Xinyue; Kappes, Alexander; Kardum, Leonora; Karg, Timo; Karl, Martina; Karle, Albrecht; Katil, Akanksha; Kauer, Matt; Kelley, John; Khanal, Manish; Khatee Zathul, Arifa; Kheirandish, Ali; KimKu, Hani; Kiryluk, Joanna; Klein, Carolin; Klein, Spencer; Kobayashi, Yukiho; Kochocki, Alina; Koirala, Ramesh; Kolanoski, Hermann; Kontrimas, Tomas; Kopke, Lutz; Kopper, Claudio; Koskinen, Jason; Koundal, Paras; Kowalski, Marek; Kozynets, Tetiana; Krieger, Niclas; Jayakumar, Krishnamoorthi; Krishnan, Tanvi; Kruiswijk, Karlijn; Krupczak, Emmett; Kumar, Anil; Kun, Emma; Kurahashi, Naoko; Lad, Neha Navnitkumar; Lagunas Gualda, Cristina; Lallement Arnaud, Louise; Lamoureux, Mathieu; Larson, Michael J.; Lauber, Frederik Hermann; Lazar, Jeffrey; Leonard DeHolton, Kayla; Leszczynska, Agnieszka; Liao, Jiyuan; Lin, Chace; Liu, Yitong; Liubarska, Maria; Love, Christy; Lu, Lu; Lucarelli, Francesco; Luszczak, William; Lyu, Yang; Madsen, Jim; Magnus, Else; Mahn, Kendall; Makino, Yuya; Manao, Elena; Mancina, Sarah; Mand, Alicia; Maris, Ioana Codrina; Marka, Szabolcs; Marka, Zsuzsa; Marten, Lars; Martinez-Soler, Ivan; Maruyama, Reina H.; Mauro, Jonathan; Mayhew, Finn; McNally, Frank; Mead, James Vincent; Meagher, Kevin; Mechbal, Sarah; Medina, Andres; Meier, Maximilian; Merckx, Yarno; Merten, Lukas; Mitchell, Justin; Molchany, Logan; Montaruli, Teresa; Moore, Roger; Morii, Yasutsugu; Mosbrugger, Anke; Moulai, Marjon; Mousadi, Despina; Moyaux, Emile; Mukherjee, Tista; Naab, Richard; Nakos, Maxwell; Naumann, Uwe; Necker, Jannis; Neste, Ludwig; Neumann, Miriam; Niederhausen, Hans; Nisa, Mehr Un; Noda, Koji; Noell, Andreas; Novikov, Alexander; Pollmann, Anna; O'Dell, Vivian; Olivas, Alex; Ørsøe, Rasmus; Osborn, Jesse; O'Sullivan, Erin; Palusova, Veronika; Pandya, Hershal; Parenti, Andrea; Park, Nahee; Parrish, Victoria; Paudel, Ek Narayan; Paul, Larissa; Pérez de los Heros, Carlos; Pernice, Teresa; Peterson, Josh; Plum, Matthias; Ponten, Axel; Poojyam, Vaidehi; Popovych, Yuriy; Prado Rodriguez, Maria; Pries, Brandon; Procter-Murphy, Rachel; Przybylski, Gerald; Pyras, Lilly; Raab, Christoph; Rack-Helleis, John; Rad, Navid; Ravn, Martin Langgård; Rawlins, Katherine; Rechav, Zoe; Rehman, Abdul; Reistroffer, Ian; Resconi, Elisa; Reusch, Simeon; Rho, Chang Dong; Rhode, Wolfgang; Ricca, Leonardo; Riedel, Benedikt; Rifaie, Adam; Roberts, Ella; Robertson, Sally; Rongen, Martin; Rosted, Aske; Rott, Carsten; Ruhe, Tim; Ruohan, Li; Ryckbosch, Dirk; Saffer, Julian; Salazar-Gallegos, Daniel; Sampathkumar, Pranav; Sandrock, Alexander; Sanger-Johnson, Grace; Santander, Marcos; Sarkar, Subir; Savelberg, Joelle; Scarnera, Marco; Schaile, Patrick; Schaufel, Merlin; Schieler, Harald; Schindler, Sebastian; Schlickmann, Lea; Schlüter, Berit; Schlüter, Felix; Schmeisser, Nick; Schmidt, Torsten; Schröder, Frank; Schumacher, Lisa; Schwirn, Sonke; Sclafani, Stephen; Seckel, David; Seen, Leo; Seikh, Mohammad Ful Hossain; Seunarine, Suruj; Sevle Myhr, Per Arne; Shah, Riya; Shefali, Shefali; N, Shimizu; Skrzypek, Barbara; Snihur, Robert; Soedingrekso, Jan; Sogaard, Andreas; Soldin, Dennis; Soldin, Philipp; Sommani, Giacomo; Spannfellner, Christian; Spiczak, Glenn; Spiering, Christian; Stachurska, Juliana; Stamatikos, Michael; Stanev, Todor; Stezelberger, Thorsten; Sturwald, Timo; Stuttard, Thomas; Sullivan, Greg; Taboada, Ignacio; Ter-Antonyan, Samvel; Terliuk, Andrii; Thakuri, Amar; Thiesmeyer, Matthias; Thompson, Will; Thwaites, Jessie; Tilav, Serap; Tollefson, Kirsten; Toscano, Simona; Tosi, Delia; Trettin, Alexandra; Upadhyay, Anuj Kumar; Upshaw, Karriem; Vaidyanathan, Arun; Valtonen-Mattila, Nora; Valverde, Janeth; Vandenbroucke, Justin; van Eeden, Thijs; van Eijndhoven, Nick; van Rootselaar, Lene; van Santen, Jakob; Vara Carbonell, Francisco Javier; Varsi, Fahim; Venugopal, Megha; Vereecken, Matthias; Vergara Carrasco, Sebastian; Verpoest, Stef; Veske, Doğa; Vijai, Aishwarya; Villarreal, Joshua; Walck, Christian; Wang, Andrew; Warrick, Elizabeth; Weaver, Chris; Weigel, Philip; Weindl, Andreas; Weldert, Jan; Wen, Alex; Wendt, Chris; Werthebach, Johannes; Weyrauch, Mark; Whitehorn, Nathan; Wiebusch, Christopher; Williams, Dawn; Wolf, Martin; Wrede, Gerrit; Xu, Xianwu; Yanez, Juan Pablo; Yao, Yuhua; Yildizci, Emre Burak; Yoshida, Shigeru; Young, Robert; Yu, Felix; Yu, Shiqi; Yuan, Tianlu; Zegarelli, Angela; Zhang, Shuo; Zhang, Zelong; Zhelnin, Pavel; Zilberman, Perri; Witthaus, Lucas},
title={Unfolding the Atmospheric Muon Flux with IceCube: Investigating Stopping Muons and High-Energy Prompt Contributions},
booktitle={Proceedings of 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference PoS (ICRC2025)},
volume={501},
pages={281},
month={September},
url={https://pos.sissa.it/501/281/},
year={2025},
abstract={Atmospheric muons produced in cosmic-ray air showers are classified as conventional muons from pion and kaon decays and prompt muons from heavy hadron decays. Conventional muons dominate at lower energies, and the prompt component becomes dominant at PeV energies and above. Precisely measuring the atmospheric muon flux from a few GeV to several PeV is valuable for advancing our understanding of...}}
