{CTAO} {LST}–1 observations of magnetar {SGR} 1935+2154: Deep limits on sub-second bursts and persistent tera-electronvolt emission
The Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 has exhibited prolific high-energy (HE) bursting activity in recent years. Investigating its potential tera-electronvolt counterpart could provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of magnetar emission and very high-energy (VHE) processes in extreme astrophysical environments. We aim to search for a possible tera-electronvolt counterpart to both its persistent and sub-second-scale burst emission. We analysed over 25 h of observations from the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) during periods of HE activity from SGR 1935+2154 in 2021 and 2022 to search for persistent emission. For bursting emission, we selected and analysed nine 0.1 s time windows centred around known short X-ray bursts, targeting potential sub-second-scale tera-electronvolt counterparts in a low-photon-statistics regime. While no persistent or bursting emission was detected in our search, we establish upper limits for the tera-electronvolt emission of a short magnetar burst simultaneous to its soft gamma-ray flux. Specifically, for the brightest burst in our sample, the ratio between tera-electronvolt and X-ray flux is less than $10^{-3}$ . The non-detection of either persistent or bursting tera-electronvolt emission from SGR 1935+2154 suggests that if such components exist, they may occur under specific conditions not covered by our observations. This aligns with theoretical predictions of VHE components in magnetar-powered fast radio bursts and the detection of MeV – GeV emission in giant magnetar flares. These findings underscore the potential of magnetars, fast radio bursts, and other fast transients as promising candidates for future observations in the low-photon-statistics regime with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, particularly with the CTAO.
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Astronomy & Astrophysics - Type:
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- Year:
2026 - Source:
https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2026/02/aa55431-25/aa55431-25.html
Citation information
: {CTAO} {LST}–1 observations of magnetar {SGR} 1935+2154: Deep limits on sub-second bursts and persistent tera-electronvolt emission, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2026, 706, A25, February, {EDP} Sciences, https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2026/02/aa55431-25/aa55431-25.html, Abe.etal.2026a,
@Article{Abe.etal.2026a,
author={Abe, K.; Abe, S.; Abhishek, A.; Acero, F.; Aguasca-Cabot, A.; Agudo, I.; Alispach, C.; Ambrosino, D.; Ambrosino, F.; Antonelli, L. A.; Aramo, C.; Arbet-Engels, A.; Arcaro, C.; Arnesen, T. T. H.; Asano, K.; Aubert, P.; Baktash, A.; Balbo, M.; Bamba, A.; Larriva, A. Baquero; Almeida, U. Barres de; Barrio, J. A.; Jiménez, L. Barrios; Batkovic, I.; Baxter, J.; González, J. Becerra; Bernardini, E.; Bernete, J.; Berti, A.; Bezshyiko, I.; Bigongiari, C.; Bissaldi, E.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Borkowski, G.; Brunelli, G.; Bulgarelli, A.; Bunse, M.; Burelli, I.; Burmistrov, L.; Cardillo, M.; Caroff, S.; Carosi, A.; Carraro, R.; Carrasco, M. S.; Cassol, F.; Castrejón, N.; Cerasole, D.; Ceribella, G.; Cortínez, A. Cerviño; Chai, Y.; Cheng, K.; Chiavassa, A.; Chikawa, M.; Chon, G.; Chytka, L.; Cicciari, G. M.; Cifuentes, A.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Costantini, H.; Dalchenko, M.; Vela, P. Da; Dazzi, F.; Angelis, A. De; Lavergne, M. de Bony de; Burgo, R. Del; Delgado, C.; Mengual, J. Delgado; Dellaiera, M.; Volpe, D. della; Lotto, B. De; Peral, L. Del; Menezes, R. de; Palma, G. De; Díaz, C.; Piano, A. Di; Pierro, F. Di; Tria, R. Di; Venere, L. Di; Dominik, R. M.; Prester, D. Dominis; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Eisenberger, L.; Elsässer, D.; Emery, G.; Escudero, J.; Ramazani, V. Fallah; Ferrarotto, F.; Fiasson, A.; Foffano, L.; García-Lago, F. Frías; Fröse, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Gallozzi, S.; López, R. Garcia; Soto, S. Garcia; Gasbarra, C.; Gasparrini, D.; Geyer, D.; Paiva, J. Giesbrecht; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Godinovic, N.; Gradetzke, T.; Grau, R.; Green, D.; Green, J.; Gunji, S.; Günther, P.; Hackfeld, J.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Hashizume, M.; Hassan, T.; Hayashi, K.; Heckmann, L.; Heller, M.; Llorente, J. Herrera; Hirotani, K.; Hoffmann, D.; Horns, D.; Houles, J.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Hui, D.; Iarlori, M.; Imazawa, R.; Inada, T.; Inome, Y.; Inoue, S.; Ioka, K.; Iori, M.; Itokawa, T.; Iuliano, A.; Jahanvi, J.; Martinez, I. Jimenez; Quiles, J. Jimenez; Rodrigo, I. Jorge; Jurysek, J.; Kagaya, M.; Kalashev, O.; Karas, V.; Katagiri, H.; Kerszberg, D.; Kiyomot, T.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kohri, K.; Kong, A.; Kornecki, P.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lacave, B.; Lainez, M.; Lamanna, G.; Lamastra, A.; Lemoigne, L.; Linhoff, M.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López-Coto, R.; López-Moya, M.; López-Oramas, A.; Loporchio, S.; Lorini, A.; Bahilo, J. Lozano; Lucarelli, F.; Luciani, H.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mandat, D.; Manganaro, M.; Maniadakis, D. K.; Manicò, G.; Mannheim, K.; Marchesi, S.; Marini, F.; Mariotti, M.; Marquez, P.; Marsella, G.; Martí, J.; Martinez, O.; Martínez, G.; Martínez, M.; Mas-Aguilar, A.; Massa, M.; Maurin, G.; Mazin, D.; Méndez-Gallego, J.; Menon, S.; Guillen, E. Mestre; Micanovic, S.; Miceli, D.; Miener, T.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Mizote, M.; Mizuno, T.; Gonzalez, M. Molero; Molina, E.; Montaruli, T.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Ramos, A. Moreno; Morselli, A.; Moya, V.; Muraishi, H.; Nagataki, S.; Nakamori, T.; Neronov, A.; Castaño, D. Nieto; Rosillo, M. Nievas; Nikolic, L.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nosek, D.; Novotny, V.; Nozaki, S.; Ohishi, M.; Ohtani, Y.; Oka, T.; Okumura, A.; Orito, R.; Orsini, L.; Otero-Santos, J.; Ottanelli, P.; Palatiello, M.; Panebianco, G.; Paneque, D.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pech, M.; Pecimotika, M.; Peresano, M.; Pfeifle, F.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pihet, M.; Pirola, G.; Plard, C.; Podobnik, F.; Polo, M.; Prandini, E.; Prouza, M.; Rainò, S.; Rando, R.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rizi, V.; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez; Frías, M. D. Rodríguez; Romano, P.; Roy, A.; Ruina, A.; Ruiz-Velasco, E.; Saito, T.; Sakurai, S.; Sanchez, D. A.; Sano, H.; Šarić, T.; Sato, Y.; Saturni, F. G.; Savchenko, V.; Schiavone, F.; Schleicher, B.; Schmuckermaier, F.; Schubert, J. L.; Schussler, F.; Schweizer, T.; Arroyo, M. Seglar; Siegert, T.; Silvestri, G.; Simongini, A.; Sitarek, J.; Sliusar, V.; Stamerra, A.; Strišković, J.; Strzys, M.; Suda, Y.; Sunny, A.; Tajima, H.; Takahashi, M.; Takata, J.; Takeishi, R.; Tam, P. H. T.; Tanaka, S. J.; Tateishi, D.; Tavernier, T.; Temnikov, P.; Terada, Y.; Terauchi, K.; Terzic, T.; Teshima, M.; Tluczykont, M.; Tokanai, F.; Tomura, T.; Torres, D. F.; Tramonti, F.; Travnicek, P.; Tripodo, G.; Tutone, A.; Vacula, M.; Scherpenberg, J. van; Acosta, M. Vázquez; Ventura, S.; Vercellone, S.; Verna, G.; Viale, I.; Vigliano, A.; Vigorito, C. F.; Visentin, E.; Vitale, V.; Voitsekhovskyi, V.; Voutsinas, G.; Vovk, I.; Vuillaume, T.; Walter, R.; Wan, L.; Will, M.; Wójtowicz, J.; Yamamoto, T.; Yamazaki, R.; Yao, Y.; Yeung, P. K. H.; Yoshida, T.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Zhang, W.; Mereghetti, S.; Parmiggiani, N.; Vignali, C.; Zanin, R.},
title={{CTAO} {LST}–1 observations of magnetar {SGR} 1935+2154: Deep limits on sub-second bursts and persistent tera-electronvolt emission},
journal={Astronomy & Astrophysics},
volume={706},
pages={A25},
month={February},
publisher={{EDP} Sciences},
url={https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2026/02/aa55431-25/aa55431-25.html},
year={2026},
abstract={The Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 has exhibited prolific high-energy (HE) bursting activity in recent years. Investigating its potential tera-electronvolt counterpart could provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of magnetar emission and very high-energy (VHE) processes in extreme astrophysical environments. We aim to search for a possible tera-electronvolt counterpart to both its...}}